yellow hornpoppy
(Glaucium flavum)
This species is Introduced in the United States
ORIGIN: Eurasia, the Mediterranean
GROWTH TRAITS: Herbaceous biennial to short-lived perennial typically growing 1-3' (0.3-0.9 m) from a stout taproot. Leaves are blue-green, hairy, and sometimes waxy and leathery. They are 3-8" (7.5-20 cm) long, 1-2" (2.5-5 cm) wide, and deeply lobed with wrinkled margins, often appearing scrunched. Basal leaves have petioles; stem leaves are alternate, and further up the stem they decrease in size and clasp the stem. Flowers occur on stout stalks arising from leaf axils or stem tips throughout summer. Each flower is 2-3" (5-9 cm) across, has several yellow stamens, and has 4 yellow obovate petals that overlap and have wrinkled margins. Each flower produces a rough capsule fruit 6-12" (15-30 cm) long that holds several seeds.
REPRODUCTION: Spreads by seed. Seeds may remain viable in the soil for at least three years.
HABITAT: Yellow hornpoppy grows best in coarse, well-drained soils and full sun. It can be found on beaches above the high tide line as well as sand dunes and cliff tops.
LOOK-ALIKES: The combination of 4-petal yellow flowers, heavily divided leaves, and capsule fruit help differentiate yellow hornpoppy from most unrelated look-alikes. Within the family, the native celandine poppy (Stylophorum diphyllum) and exotic celandine (Chelidonium majus) have similar flowers and their leaves are also divided, but their leaves are more flat (rather than scrunched) compared to yellow hornpoppy, and their capsule fruits are much shorter.
CITATIONS:
Rawlins, K.A., R.L. Winston, C.T. Bargeron, D.J. Moorhead, and R. Carroll. 2018. New Invaders of the Northeast and Northcentral United States. USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Assessment and Applied Sciences Team, Morgantown, West Virginia. FHTET-2017-04. Retrieved from https://bugwoodcloud.org/resource/pdf/FHTET-2017-04_New%20Invaders_NE.pdf
GROWTH TRAITS: Herbaceous biennial to short-lived perennial typically growing 1-3' (0.3-0.9 m) from a stout taproot. Leaves are blue-green, hairy, and sometimes waxy and leathery. They are 3-8" (7.5-20 cm) long, 1-2" (2.5-5 cm) wide, and deeply lobed with wrinkled margins, often appearing scrunched. Basal leaves have petioles; stem leaves are alternate, and further up the stem they decrease in size and clasp the stem. Flowers occur on stout stalks arising from leaf axils or stem tips throughout summer. Each flower is 2-3" (5-9 cm) across, has several yellow stamens, and has 4 yellow obovate petals that overlap and have wrinkled margins. Each flower produces a rough capsule fruit 6-12" (15-30 cm) long that holds several seeds.
REPRODUCTION: Spreads by seed. Seeds may remain viable in the soil for at least three years.
HABITAT: Yellow hornpoppy grows best in coarse, well-drained soils and full sun. It can be found on beaches above the high tide line as well as sand dunes and cliff tops.
LOOK-ALIKES: The combination of 4-petal yellow flowers, heavily divided leaves, and capsule fruit help differentiate yellow hornpoppy from most unrelated look-alikes. Within the family, the native celandine poppy (Stylophorum diphyllum) and exotic celandine (Chelidonium majus) have similar flowers and their leaves are also divided, but their leaves are more flat (rather than scrunched) compared to yellow hornpoppy, and their capsule fruits are much shorter.
CITATIONS:
Rawlins, K.A., R.L. Winston, C.T. Bargeron, D.J. Moorhead, and R. Carroll. 2018. New Invaders of the Northeast and Northcentral United States. USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Assessment and Applied Sciences Team, Morgantown, West Virginia. FHTET-2017-04. Retrieved from https://bugwoodcloud.org/resource/pdf/FHTET-2017-04_New%20Invaders_NE.pdf
Selected Images
Maps
EDDMapS Distribution - This map is incomplete and is based only on current site and county level reports made by experts, herbaria, and literature. For more information, visit www.eddmaps.org
State Lists - This map identifies those states that have this species on their invasive species list or law.
Invasive Listing Sources
Taxonomic Rank
| Domain: Eukarya |
| Kingdom: Plantae |
| Phylum: Magnoliophyta |
| Class: Magnoliopsida |
| Superorder: Ranunculanae |
| Order: Ranunculales |
| Family: Papaveraceae |
| Genus: Glaucium |
| Glaucium flavum |
References
Common Name Reference: USDA, NRCS. 2010. The PLANTS Database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
Scientific Name Reference: USDA, NRCS. 2010. The PLANTS Database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.