eared salvinia
(Salvinia auriculata)
This species is Introduced in the United States
Appearance
Giant salvinias are a group of free-floating ferns native to South America. Species include Salvinia molesta, S. auriculata, S. biloba and S. herzogii. They have been spread to the tropics and subtropics, moved in part by the trade-in ornamental plants for fish tanks and ponds. Each plant has an internode, a node, a pair of floating leaves, the submerged or root, and associated buds. The root is actually a modified leaf that looks and functions like a root.
Foliage
Giant salvinias have a horizontal rhizome just beneath the water surface. On the abaxial leaf surface are hairs that are divided but joined at the tips of the hairs. These hairs have an egg-beater-like appearance.
Reproduction
Giants salvinias reproduce by buds, both apical and axillary.
Ecological Threat
Giant salvinia forms dense mats over lakes and slow-moving rivers and causes large economic losses and a wide range of ecological problems to native species and communities. It can impede access to and use of waterways for commercial and recreational purposes. Mats of giant salvinia can reduce habitats for game birds and limit access to fishing areas. Salvinia can clog water intake pipes and interfere with agricultural irrigation and water supply.
Citations
Rawlins, K.A., R.L. Winston, C.T. Bargeron, D.J. Moorhead, and R. Carroll. 2018. New Invaders of the Southeast. USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Assessment and Applied Sciences Team, Morgantown, West Virginia. FHTET-2017-05. Retrieved from http://bugwoodcloud.org/resource/pdf/FHTET-2017-05_New%20Invaders_SE.pdf
Resources
- Federal Noxious Weed Disseminules of the U.S. - USDA-APHIS
- Nonindigenous Aquatic Ferns in the United States - U.S. Geological Survey
Selected Images
Maps
State Lists - This map identifies those states that have this species on their invasive species list or law.
Invasive Listing Sources
- California Noxious Weeds
- Federal Noxious Weeds
- Indiana Invasive Species Council - Invasive Plant List
- Indiana Pest Species
- Indiana Prohibited Plant Species
- Massachusetts Noxious Weeds
- Massachusetts Prohibited Plant List
- Michigan’s Prohibited and Restricted Species
- New Invaders of the Southeast
- South Carolina Illegal Aquatic Plants
- South Carolina Plant Pest List
- USDA APHIS Regulated Pest List
- Vermont Noxious Weeds
Taxonomic Rank
| Domain: Eukarya |
| Kingdom: Plantae |
| Division: Pteridophyta |
| Class: Filicopsida |
| Order: Salviniales |
| Family: Salviniaceae |
| Genus: Salvinia |
| Salvinia auriculata |
Synonyms and Other Names
Other Common Names:
eared watermoss
Related Scientific Names:
Salvinia rotundifolia Aublet (Synonym)
References
Common Name Reference: USDA, NRCS. 2010. The PLANTS Database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
Scientific Name Reference: USDA, NRCS. 2010. The PLANTS Database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.